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Ehrlichiosis

Zoonotic (Risk to Humans)

Overview

Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection that infects white blood cells. It can cause a wide range of signs from bleeding disorders to neurological issues. It is transmitted primarily by the Brown Dog Tick.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Nosebleeds
  • Pale gumsEmergency
  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite
  • Thick eye discharge
  • Blindness
  • Lethargy

Common / Supporting Signs

  • Limping
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Bleeding gums
  • Weight loss

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Transmission occurs exclusively through the bite of an infected tick. It is not directly contagious from dog to dog.

Progression & Stages

Acute phase (fever, swollen nodes, bruising) lasts weeks. Subclinical phase can last years with no signs. Chronic phase results in bone marrow failure and severe bleeding (epistaxis).

Diagnosis

A 4Dx SNAP test detects antibodies. Follow-up CBC often shows low platelets (thrombocytopenia) and anemia. PCR confirms active infection.

Treatment Protocols

Doxycycline is the antibiotic of choice, typically given for 28 days. Severe cases may require steroids or blood transfusions.

Prevention

Strict tick control is the only prevention. Check dogs daily for ticks in endemic areas.

Prognosis

Good for acute cases treated early. The chronic phase carries a guarded prognosis due to irreversible bone marrow damage.

Medical References

  • Merck Veterinary Manual, VCA Hospitals

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.

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