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Epilepsy

Overview

Idiopathic Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures with no identifiable structural cause. It is genetic in origin, often appearing in dogs between 1 and 5 years of age.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Loss of consciousnessEmergency
  • SeizuresEmergency
  • Uncontrolled movements
  • Blindness
  • Muscle twitching
  • Tremors
  • Disorientation

Common / Supporting Signs

  • Urinary accidents
  • Lethargy
  • Drooling

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Epilepsy is genetic and hereditary. It is not contagious.

Progression & Stages

Seizures have three phases: Aura (pre-seizure anxiety), Ictus (the seizure itself), and Post-ictal (disorientation/blindness after). Frequency can range from yearly to multiple times a day.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is one of exclusion. Blood work, MRI, and spinal fluid analysis are normal. If no other cause (toxin, tumor) is found, it is termed Idiopathic Epilepsy.

Treatment Protocols

Anticonvulsant medications (Phenobarbital, Potassium Bromide, Levetiracetam) are used to reduce frequency and severity, though they rarely eliminate seizures entirely.

Prevention

There is no prevention for genetic epilepsy. Affected dogs should not be bred.

Prognosis

Most dogs live normal lives with medication. However, "Cluster Seizures" or Status Epilepticus (non-stop seizing) are life-threatening emergencies.

Medical References

  • ACVIM, VCA Hospitals

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.