Medical Library
TRA

Bite Wounds

Zoonotic (Risk to Humans)

Overview

Bite wounds produce significant trauma that extends deeper than the visible skin puncture. The separation of skin from underlying tissue creates "dead space" where bacteria multiply, leading to abscesses and severe infection. Massive tissue crushing and tearing are common.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Open wound
  • Pale gumsEmergency
  • Severe bleedingEmergency
  • Sudden collapseEmergency
  • Maggots in woundEmergency
  • Pain
  • Rapid breathing
  • Facial swelling
  • Swelling in limb
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Dehydration
  • Limping
  • Pain on touch
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Foul skin odor
  • Vocalization (pain)
  • Abscess

Common / Supporting Signs

  • Hot spots
  • Lumps/bumps
  • Loss of appetite
  • Scabs
  • Redness

Rare or Advanced Signs

  • Weakness

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

This injury is "transmitted" via physical aggression. The wounds themselves are not contagious, but the bacteria (Pasteurella, Staph) inoculated into the wound can cause serious infections in other animals or humans if handled improperly.

Progression & Stages

The initial stage involves acute trauma and bleeding. Within hours, inflammation and swelling occur. If untreated, this progresses to infection, abscess formation, and potentially systemic sepsis or tissue necrosis (death).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a thorough physical exam to find all puncture marks. The Vet may probe the wound to determine depth. X-rays may be needed to check for broken bones or air trapped in tissues.

Treatment Protocols

Treatment involves clipping and cleaning the wound, flushing with antiseptics, and often placing a surgical drain to prevent fluid buildup. Systemic antibiotics and pain management are mandatory. A Rabies booster may be required.

Prevention

Prevention relies on avoiding situations that lead to fights, such as unsupervised roaming, resource guarding, or interactions with aggressive animals. Leashing dogs in public is essential.

Prognosis

The prognosis is generally good if professional care is sought immediately. Delayed treatment significantly increases the risk of severe infection and complications.

Medical References

  • VCA Hospitals

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.