Anemia is a medical condition defined by a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. It is not a specific disease but a symptom of an underlying problem, such as blood loss, destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), or decreased production by the bone marrow.
This condition requires veterinary attention.
If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately. This is a life-threatening emergency.
Report Case / Get HelpAnemia itself is not transmissible. However, many causes of anemia, such as tick-borne diseases (Ehrlichia, Babesia), fleas, or hookworms, are transmissible via vectors or environmental contamination.
Anemia can range from mild and subclinical to severe and life-threatening. In severe stages, the animal may collapse due to lack of oxygen. Chronic anemia may develop slowly, masking signs until the animal critically decompensates.
A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is the definitive test to confirm anemia and determine its severity (Packed Cell Volume/PCV). Additional tests like a reticulocyte count, blood smear, and chemistry panel help identify if the body is regenerating cells and pinpoint the cause.
Treatment depends entirely on the cause. It may include blood transfusions for stability, immunosuppressive drugs for immune-mediated destruction, deworming for parasites, or surgery to stop bleeding.
Preventative measures include rigorous year-round flea and tick control to prevent vector-borne anemia and regular deworming to prevent parasitic blood loss. Keeping pets away from toxins like onions or zinc is also critical.
The prognosis varies widely. It is guarded for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) or severe blood loss but good for parasitic causes if treated promptly before organ failure occurs.
Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.