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Canine Parvovirus

CRITICAL EMERGENCY Contagious
Canine Parvovirus
© System

Overview

Canine Parvovirus (Parvo) is a highly contagious, life-threatening viral disease that attacks rapidly dividing cells, specifically in the intestinal lining and bone marrow. It causes severe hemorrhagic enteritis and immune suppression. It is a leading cause of puppy mortality.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Pale gumsEmergency
  • Weak pulse
  • CollapseEmergency
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Dehydration
  • Bloody diarrheaEmergency
  • Vomiting bloodEmergency
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Weakness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Cold extremities

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately. This is a life-threatening emergency.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

The virus is shed in massive amounts in the feces of infected dogs. It is incredibly hardy and can survive in the environment for months or years. Transmission occurs via direct contact or contaminated soil/fomites.

Progression & Stages

After 3-7 days incubation, the dog develops lethargy, fever, and vomiting, followed rapidly by severe, often bloody, diarrhea ("Parvo smell"). Dehydration and septic shock can follow within 24-48 hours.

Diagnosis

A fecal ELISA "SNAP" test provides rapid diagnosis in-clinic. PCR is used for confirmation in ambiguous cases. Blood work typically shows severe leukopenia (low white blood cell count).

Treatment Protocols

Aggressive hospitalization is required. Treatment targets dehydration and sepsis with intravenous fluids, electrolytes, anti-emetics, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and pain control. Early nutrition is vital.

Prevention

Vaccination is extremely effective. The core DHPP vaccine series must be completed in puppies (6, 9, 12, 16 weeks). Until fully vaccinated, puppies should avoid public ground.

Prognosis

Survival rates exceed 90% with timely, aggressive veterinary care. Without treatment, mortality is over 90%. Survivors typically have lifelong immunity.

Medical References

  • Merck Veterinary Manual, Cornell Vet

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.