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Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

CRITICAL EMERGENCY

Overview

IMHA is a critical disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the body's own red blood cells. The rapid destruction leads to severe anemia and oxygen starvation.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Pale gumsEmergency
  • Jaundice
  • CollapseEmergency
  • Weakness
  • Dark urineEmergency
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fever
  • Rapid breathing

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately. This is a life-threatening emergency.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Autoimmune. Triggers can include drugs, vaccines, or cancer, but most are idiopathic.

Progression & Stages

Rapid onset of weakness, pale or yellow (jaundiced) gums, and dark urine (bilirubin). Risk of throwing fatal blood clots (embolisms) is high.

Diagnosis

CBC shows anemia + spherocytes + agglutination (clumping). A Coombs test confirms immune antibodies.

Treatment Protocols

Aggressive immunosuppression (Prednisone, Cyclosporine), blood transfusions, and blood thinners (to prevent clots).

Prevention

None known.

Prognosis

Guarded. Mortality is 30-50% in the first two weeks due to clots.

Medical References

  • ACVIM, VCA Hospitals

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.