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Heartworm Disease

CRITICAL EMERGENCY

Overview

Heartworm disease is a serious and potentially fatal condition caused by parasitic worms (Dirofilaria immitis) living in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. It causes heart failure, lung disease, and organ damage.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Abdominal swelling
  • FaintingEmergency
  • Pale gumsEmergency
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Coughing bloodEmergency
  • Abdominal distensionEmergency
  • Coughing
  • Difficulty breathingEmergency
  • Blue gumsEmergency
  • Weight loss

Common / Supporting Signs

  • Vomiting
  • Lethargy

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately. This is a life-threatening emergency.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Transmitted ONLY by mosquitoes. Microfilariae (baby worms) in an infected dog's blood are eaten by a mosquito, mature, and are injected into a new dog.

Progression & Stages

Class 1: No symptoms. Class 2: Mild cough/fatigue. Class 3: Weight loss, severe cough, heart failure (ascites). Class 4 ("Caval Syndrome"): Worm mass blocks blood flow—fatal without surgery.

Diagnosis

Antigen blood test (SNAP) detects adult female worms. Microfilaria test checks for baby worms. X-rays and Echo assess heart damage.

Treatment Protocols

Treatment involves a strict protocol: Doxycycline (to kill symbiotic bacteria), followed by injections of Melarsomine (Immiticide) to kill adult worms. STRICT cage rest is mandatory to prevent dead worms from causing embolisms.

Prevention

Monthly prevention (oral/topical) or 6/12-month injections are nearly 100% effective and essential year-round.

Prognosis

Good for Class 1-2. Guarded for Class 3. Poor for Caval Syndrome. Lung damage can be permanent.

Medical References

  • American Heartworm Society

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.