Medical Library
EYE

Corneal Ulcer

Overview

A corneal ulcer is an open sore or erosion on the clear outer layer of the eye (cornea). It is painful and usually caused by trauma (scratches), foreign bodies, or anatomical defects. If infected, it can deepen rapidly ("melting ulcer") and threaten vision.

Key / Hallmark Signs

  • Squinting
  • Pain
  • Thick eye discharge
  • Red eyes
  • Redness
  • Itching

Common / Supporting Signs

  • Nasal discharge
  • Cloudy cornea
  • Behavior change

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Corneal ulcers are injuries and are not contagious. However, if caused by a feline herpesvirus infection, the underlying viral cause is contagious among cats.

Progression & Stages

A superficial abrasion is painful but simple. If bacteria invade, the ulcer deepens (stromal ulcer). A distinct "descemetocele" implies the ulcer has reached the last thin membrane before rupture.

Diagnosis

The definitive test is Fluorescein staining. The vet applies a green dye that adheres to damaged corneal tissue, making the ulcer glow under blue light.

Treatment Protocols

Superficial ulcers are treated with antibiotic drops and pain relief (atropine). An E-collar (cone) is mandatory to prevent rubbing. Deep or non-healing ulcers may require surgery (grid keratotomy or graft).

Prevention

Prevent trauma by avoiding rough play with cats (claws) and protecting eyes in dense brush. Flat-faced breeds need extra care due to exposed eyes.

Prognosis

Good for simple ulcers, which heal in days. Complicated or infected ulcers require aggressive care but usually heal with preserved vision if treated early.

Medical References

  • Merck Veterinary Manual

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.

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