Liver Failure

CRITICAL EMERGENCY

Overview

Liver failure occurs when >70% of liver function is lost. Causes include toxins, infection, cancer, or shunts. The liver stops clearing toxins (ammonia), leading to brain issues.

Key / Hallmark Signs

Yellow gums/eyes
SeizuresEmergency
Head pressingEmergency
Pale gumsEmergency
Abdominal distensionEmergency
Jaundice
UnresponsivenessEmergency
Dark urineEmergency
Swollen abdomen
Vomiting
Disorientation
Loss of appetite

Common / Supporting Signs

Weight loss

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately. This is a life-threatening emergency.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Depends on cause (Infectious vs Toxic).

Progression & Stages

Jaundice, clotting issues, Hepatic Encephalopathy (head pressing, seizures after eating).

Diagnosis

Bile Acid test measures function. Chemistry panel measures damage.

Treatment Protocols

Supportive care. Lactulose to bind ammonia. Antibiotics. Vitamin K.

Prevention

Toxin avoidance.

Prognosis

Guarded. The liver can regenerate, but not if cirrhosis/fibrosis is advanced.

Medical References

ACVIM, VCA Hospitals

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.