Leptospirosis

Zoonotic (Risk to Humans)

Overview

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection spread by wildlife urine (rats, raccoons) that causes acute kidney and liver failure. It is Zoonotic (can kill humans).

Key / Hallmark Signs

Severe bleedingEmergency
No urinationEmergency
Lethargy
Jaundice
Pale gumsEmergency
Vomiting
Frequent urination
Dehydration
Excessive thirst
Fever

Common / Supporting Signs

Diarrhea
Pain on touch

What to do?

This condition requires veterinary attention.

If your animal shows the Key or Common signs listed, please visit a clinic immediately.

Report Case / Get Help

Medical Details

Transmission

Contact with urine-contaminated water or soil. Bacteria penetrate mucous membranes or cuts.

Progression & Stages

Fever, muscle pain, vomiting, then rapid kidney shutdown (anuria) or liver jaundice.

Diagnosis

Lepto PCR assays on blood/urine. Antibody titers.

Treatment Protocols

antibiotics (Penicillin then Doxycycline) and Dialysis/Aggressive fluids for kidney support.

Prevention

Lepto 4-way vaccine annually. Avoid stagnant water.

Prognosis

Good if treated before kidney failure. Poor if lungs are involved (Lepto Pulmonary Hemorrhage).

Medical References

Merck Veterinary Manual, CDC

Medical DisclaimerThis information is for education only and does not replace examination, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified veterinarian.